HISTORY Conflict and Peacemaking in International Affairs J. Adams/F. Gerges Naomi Abraham x2501 Foreign Aid: An Impetus for Self-Suffiency or Dependency. An examination of the implications of foreign aid. Does foreign aid contribute to a nation's developement or does it create a dependency and hinder self-sufficiency? Anna Albien x6849 Bread or Human Rights? The Role of a Concept of Human Rights in International Relations. Looking at the legitimization of applying a western concept of Human Rights on a global scale, and how the concept of human rights refers to cultural, political and economic circumstances in the world today. Meghan Bradley (914) 776-9642 The Evolution of National Security. I will be exploring US National Securtity and the controversies that are created by its theory, history and present-day use. Who determines the basic functions of national security, and does it/should it have legal limits in its practice? Satya Columbo x6648 U.S. Foreign Policy and the Treatment of Iraq. An examination into the ideologies/actualities of US foreign policy and the question of Iraq, with emphasis on events from the Gulf War to the present. Kathleen Flynn x6462 Religeon and Nationalism. An examination of the main theories of nationalism, followed by an attempt to understand religeon in various national discourses and its practical applications. Is religeon to be understood as the source of nationalism or is it used as a tool for mass mobilization, with a secondary importance to political ends of nationalist leaders? Christina Gallagher x6370 Were We Fighting the Same War?: A Battle Between the Ideological and Logical During the Vietnam War. An analysis of the relative weight of culture during the Vietnam War. Lara Haggar x6886 Politics and Islam in Contemporary Sudan. To gain a better understanding of contemporary politics in Sudan and how this effects social structures and the state of the country. Blaire Hamilton x6826 The Changing Roles and Significance of the Foreign Relations Advisor /Diplomat/ Ambassador. Research into the changing significance of the foreign relations advisor or so-called diplomat. I hope to discover if this appellation has any real significance and meaning, here and abroad, or if it is just a grandiose title. Leigh Heyman 323-6826 Israel and Palestine: The Ideological Incompatibilities of Nationalist Agendas. This project will look at the roots of the PLO and Israeli nationalist philosophies and how both parties have created, and at times nurtured, a situation where neither agenda has recourse for compromise. Jessica Hoewing x6641 American Resistance Against the Vietnam War and How It Aided the Vietcong. Research into the anti-war movement both within the military and amongst civilians. After analysis of these groups and their actions, I will cover how the resistance aided the Vietcong. Arielle Javitch (212) 496-8145 Ideologies in Algeria. I'm looking at the current situation in Algeria with the following questions in mind: Is there a relationship between Algeria's struggle for independence and her struggle today? Is the current crisis in Algeria a reflection of an ideological or a cultural conflict? To what extent was Algeria's struggle for independence a Bourgeois socialist revolution? What was the Islamist Input? Lisa Linnane x6467 Islam in the Soviet Machine. A study of the effects of the Soviet machine on the South Central Asian States. Particular emphasis will be on religion, culture, and ethnicity of the area. Vikram Mathew 395-3088 Battleground Berlin. A study of the various players in the espionage game in Berlin during the Cold War. A certain emphasis will be placed on the role of the CIA, KGB, and the Stasi in recruiting the civilian population to gather information for the State. Leland McKeithan x6942 The International Congress of Women and Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points. An examination into the platform conceived of by Jane Adams and other leaders of the ICW, and its influence on the establishment of Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points. Tatiana Meza (201) 279-7829 Analyzing Global Terrorism. The first part of the investigation will involve defining terrorism. The second part will involve a more narrowed analysis of terrorism in Columbia: looking at the relationships amongst paramiltiary forces, guerilla, mafia and the government. David Miranda (718) 823-8486 US Foreign Policy in Latin America. How has US foreign policy affected the Latin American experience? I will study US foreign policy in Latin America in order to determine its effectiveness in the region. I will also examine whether US foreign policy is meant to aid people in the region, or simply meant to serve US interests in the region regardless of its consequences. Amaya Rivera x6407 The Alliance for Progress. An examination of US policy toward Latin America with the Kennedy Administration and the implementation of the Alliance for Progress program. A study of the methods used, successes and failures of the program, and the larger implications for US-Latin American relations. Robert Santos (914) 235-4272 The Brazillian PT: Struggles of the Labor Movement. This paper will investigate the nature of the "Worker's Party" in Brazil and its co-existence with the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian regime that dominated Brazillian society from the 1960's until the 1980's. Attention will be paid to political and economic planning and organization of the regimes, along with a growing awareness of severe social inequities on the part of Brazil's middle and lower classes. Melinda Weaver x6550 Cambodia: A Puppet for America? I am investigating the sphere of American diplomacy in Cambodia during and just following the Vietnam War. What were the ramifications of American actions and their justifications for intervention in Cambodia's affairs? Michael Wei x6720 Trends Toward World Peace and Obstacles in the Way. A study of new trends in world relations and its effects on society and governments of the world. Clive Williams-Jones x6415 Angola: An International Power Struggle. Foreign Intervention: An examination of international interest in Angola. US/Soviet/Cuban power plays and politics. Sarah Wise x6710 Invasion of Vietnam. A discussion of the effects of and cause for international intervention in Vietnam. I will start with the exploitation of the Vietnamese people and land through colonization, and investigate the hidden agenda of the western nations. Caleb Woods x6726 History From Below: Personal Narratives of War. An examination of memoirs from soldiers who fought in the century's major wars, and the similarities that exist, regardless of boundaries. France and Germany in the Twentieth Century Mr. Adams Rebecca Asch x6598 Bismarck's Legacy in the Twentieth Century. A discussion of how Bismarck's unique style of statesmanship influenced events in Germany (and perhaps elsewhere) well after his death. Peter Britton (914) 576-7510 The Kaiser in Exile. A study of the abdication of Kaiser William II in the aftermath of the First World War and his subsequent life in Holland. Matthew Cole x6626 Bauhaus in Weimar Germany. An examination of the origins of the Bauhaus Movement in Germany and the political controversies that it provoked culminating in its suppression by the Nazis in 1933. Tammie Englert (914) 237-9410 Resistance or Accommodation? French Theater and the Nazi Occupation. An investigation of how French theater dealt with the Nazi Occupation with particular emphasis on the works of Sartre, Camus and Anouilh. Eleanor Farrell Germany and the Czech Republic. Proceeding from the writings and speeches of Vaclav Havel, this project will explore the complex relationship that developed in this century between Germany and Czechoslovakia. Colombe Jacobsen-Derstine x6566 Modernization in Rural France. This project will examine how modernization has impacted the French peasantry and how, in turn, it has sought through various associations to reverse its subordinate social and economic position. Elizabeth Kellert Art and Artistic Circles in post -1945 France. An examination of the painting, sculpture, and photographs that were produced in France in the post-Liberation period along with some of the writings by the artists themselves. Sarah Kendzior x6637 Expressionism in German Films of the Weimar Era. Looking at such classic works as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu, this project will explore the nature of German Expression including its social and political ramifications. Katherine Liebman x6425 Violent Juveniles in Post-Unification Germany. This project will examine the social and political reasons behind juvenile anti-foreign violence in Germany following unification, contrasting the situation in the former GDR with that in Western Germany. Andrew Lipsett x6616 The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. A study of the nationalist Balkan struggles following the Conference of Berlin in 1878 with special emphasis on the inter-ethnic conflict in the region of Macedonia. Julia London x6966 The Art and Politics of Leni Riefenstahl. This project will explore the circumstances that led Riefenstahl to direct Triumph of the Will and the impact that the resulting controversy has had on her artistic career. Ashley Myatt x6414 German Youth before the Third Reich. An examination of various German youth movements (the Wandervogel and the Wild-cliques, for example) beginning in the late nineteenth century and extending into the Weimar Republic. George Schoeneman x6904 The Russian Occupation of Eastern Germany. An investigation of the final days of the Second World War concentrating on the plans and actions of the Soviets in Eastern Germany and the mood in the German population. Judith Silvestri Women Autobiographies in the Nazi Era. By looking at a number of personal accounts written during the Nazi period, this project will try to reconstruct how various women perceived the society around them. Nancy Zeuthen (203) 966-2599 The Memory of Nazi Past in the Two Germanys. This project will contrast the restitution policies of East and West Germany--and the attitudes that lay behind them--with particular emphasis on the relationship with the new Israeli state. From Medieval to Modern: Society, Politics and Music in the Mr. Powell Transformation. Joni Ang x2455 The Formation of a Florentine Identity. A study of the formation of strong separate identities between the Italian city-state regardless of seemingly similar cultural, economic, political and linguistic characteristics. Josiah Armour x6416 The Rise of the National State. A study of the rise and consolidation of the national state in 13th and 14th centuries in Western Europe. More specifically, I plan to trace the failure of this state in the German Empire during this period and through this better understand its success in England and France. Christopher Brim x6773 Chivalry. A study of the development of the notion of chivalry as a moral code, the difference between religious and secular notions about it. Joanna Cupano x6845 From the Black Death to the Renaissance: An Artistic Connection? A look at the Black Death of the 14th Century and the artistic "Renaissance" that occured in the years following in order to understand whether there is a connection, whether the plague affected style and subject of art as it evolved into a more humanistic aesthetic. Michael Goodman x6525 The Medieval Papacy and Institutional Failure. Ostensibly a study of flaws in Institutional organization, this project will look at the strife of Boniface and Phillip as well as the great schism in order to analyse flaws in institutions generally. Erik Jensen x6814 Tactics at the Battle of Bannockburn. An examination of the level of sophistication of Medieval warfare through the battlefield tactics of Bannockburn, 1314. Elana Levin x6534 The Essay That Dares Not Speak Its Name. Changes in the social construction of the people we today call homosexual males and their self-conceptualizations. From the tolerance of the Middle Ages to the Sodomy Courts of the Renaissance, what caused an increase in intolerance? Heather Minton x6708 The Burning of John Hass. John Hass' writings and conflicts with the medieval "church" prior to the Protestant Reformation, and his heretical condemnation by the Council of Constance. Ellen Twaddell x6816 Once Upon A Mattress. In the 14th Century, with towns growing larger and women going into their own occupations, organized prostitution became a part of life. How does prostitution in Europe in the Middle Ages differ from our contemporary and unsatisfactory flesh trade in the US? Melinda Weaver x6550 Europe's Break From Feudal Ties. A study of the realignment of Western people in the 14th and 15th Centuries which resulted in nation states bound by merchant rather than feudal ties. William Wilkins x6846 From Florence to France: Power. Examination of the House of De Medici in terms of economic origins and the eventual dispersion of De Medici members into the powerful aristocracy of Europe; as seen in French Queen Catherine de Medici. Gender and Sexuality in Premodern Europe Mr. Powell Sarah Bania-Dobyns x6844 Birgitta of Sweden: The Poltics of Her Visions. I am studying the visions of St. Birgitta and how they led to her political actions such as starting a new order, building a church, etc. I am also going to look at how being a woman saint affected her visions, actions, and people's view of her. Phillip Bernhardt-House x6698 Theft of Clothing in 12th and 13th Century French Literature. The recurrent theme of the theft of clothing occurs in French fabliaux and lais; but, is there a difference in its meaing when the victim of the theft is male, as opposed to the usual female victim? Catherine Caplis x6532 The Roles and Perceptions of Sexual Women from Paganism to Christianity. I am researching the shift from paganism to Christianity and the consequent shift in perception of sexuality, particularly that of women. Bethany Carland x6603 Christian Women Martyrs. Perpetua, Blandina and those who followed concerning pre-institutionalized trends and the controversy of suicide. Anna Cory-Watson x6553 The Ritual of Same-Sex Marriage in Pre-Modern Christianity. I'm reading Boswell and Brooten (and possibly something else). Reading their sources, and finding my position on the subject. Jennifer Costuros x6487 Sexuality and St. Augustine. How St.Augustine's pre-celibate life influenced his relatively liberal views on sexuality and the human body, as well as his opinions on female sexuality. Megan Lee-Erickson x6781 The Woman Warrior of Old Norse. By close examination of gender roles in Nordic societies, we can find specific examples of powerful female warriors who defy other European ideals by acting what is considered 'male-like.' I wish to know how Nordic culture responded to these females and their roles in society. Ilana Lerner Women in Rabinnic Culture: From Heroines to Misogyny. I am examining women in the Rabbinic Culture of Antiquity. I am using excerpts on women from the Bible and Midrash, and studying the cultural transformation from textual heroines to secondary citizens. Jennifer Liebman x6412 Gender and Class During Childhood in 15th Century England. An examination of the class and gender roles in 14th Century Europe with regards to how these were instilled in children. Cristina Montano x6489 Women at Work in the Middle Ages. I am examining the type of occupations available to women in the late middle ages, what was required of them, and how they were treated. I wish to show that their options were limited and that they were treated poorly in the workplace. Sarah Rasher x6932 The Persecution of Homosexuality in Pre-Inquisition and Inquisition-Era Spain. I am studying the transition of a culture form the legal permission of homosexuality, through early sodomy laws, toward a point where sodomy was considered a crime to be eradicated through Inquisition. I am especially interested in political and social factors which influenced the rise of such persecution in the legal sphere. Legacies of Conquest Ms. Nash Jane Dusselier 914-377-8436 Bon-Bons, Lemon Drops, Lifesavers: Candy, Consumer Culture and the Construction of Gender. Jennifer Fenniman x6709 Costume and Colonization: A Look at Cuzco, Peru. A study of dress legislation in Spanish colonial Cuzco; the power of clothing as a language and its roles in creating identitiy. Ross Gay Discussion of Christianity in colonized (nature) folks, maybe in African-Americans. Jaime Wilson Chippewa Gender Relations: Untouched, Touched and Retold. Exploring pre- and post-European contact in Chippewa society, concetrating on gender relations. Data will be constrasted with interpreted gender realtions in a series of novels by Louise Erdrich ( a Chippewa writer): Love Medicine, Tracks, The Beet Queen and The Bingo Palace. George Zamarripa Festering Wounds of the Past: Psychological Reverberations of the Cherokee Removal. This conference project focuses on the Cherokee removal, specifically upon the cultural changes that the Cherokee Nation underwent. How has this "wound" of removal been perpetuated through generations of Cherokees? Theoretically speaking, in a study such as this, how does one maintain a true cross-cultural study? How does the psychological historian keep from perpetuating a hegemonic discourse disguised as cross-cultural discourse? Primary sources include collected accounts, archival information, and psychological perspectives of post-colonialism. Secondary sources include anthropological resources, historical documentation, and several internet sources on the Cherokees. Women in Struggle Mr.Nash Cloe Coventry x6786 Women in Classical music. I'm studying the structure of western classical music and how women work within these structures artistically, economically and socially. Focusing also on the recent trend of sexualizing young women instrumentalists for PR reasons. Allison Greene x6500 Queer Coming-out Narratives. I am examining a multitude of coming-out stories from autobiographies, personal interviews, history and fiction to deconstruct the nature of the narrative. Are there commonalities in its inherent structure? How was the term 'coming out' changed from the early 20th Century to present day? Hollie Hefferman x6683 Influence of the Beat Generation. I will be looking at the Beat writings from 1945-60 and arguing that they directly influenced the movements of the 60's and 70's-particularly the women's movement. Ona Mirkinson x6716 I will be interviewing three of my grandmothers about being 1st generation women in America.What was it like for their mothers who came to America in the early 20th century? How did gender play a role in who came over first? Schooling, marriage, etc. Elisabet Pryne x6597 Gender Roles in Pop Culture: Beverly Hills 90210. An analysis of how Beverly Hills 90210, one of the most popular shows for the past eight seasons, presents gender roles. For example, this season Brandon and Steve own a newspaper, Noah owns a nightclub, David has a record contract, Kelly is a nurse, Valerie is a bartender, Carly is a waitress and Donna is a fashion assistant. Hmmm.... Emily Sauber x6684 Through interviews with my grandmother, mother and three aunts I am writing the oral history of the women in my family. I am focusing on women's perceptions of their bodies, their work and societal expectations/pressures. How do these things change between generations? How do they remain the same? Jessie Weisstein x6660 The way girls are educated and their issues of self-esteem in younger grades. How do social constructs limit and/or effect their lives. I am working with first and third grade students to see if these social constructs have reached them. American Revolutions: Social Upheavel in US History of Ideas. L. Sizer Kirsten Amann x6515 The Modernist Canon in Europe and America. This project examines Modernism as a literary movement in Europe and North America. I want to explore this movement's perception of human nature in the context of industrial America. Adam Bischoff x6855 I plan to analyze the history of education through studying modern day circumstances in the South Bronx. Tracy Blanchard x6568 Immigration and Literature. This project examines the synthesis and conflict in the immigrant experience in America by reading representatives of immigration in 20th Century Literature. Christopher Bolick x6722 The Homogeniety of American Culture. I'm going to investigate what I interpret as a growing trend towards sameness. The sacrifice of spice for the safety of blandness; strip-mall towns and super coffee-shops; the incorporation of the unique into the commercialized bleak. Chelsea Chaffee x6443 Literary Technique and Political Work in Two Novels. Close reading of passages from Uncle Tom's Cabin and Alice Walker's Meridian as a way of analyzing the politcal work being done by these women through their novels. Curran De Rochefort-Reynolds x6508 The Assassination of Archbishop Romero. An analysis of radical to mainstream interpretations of US involvement in one historical event; the 1980 assassination of El Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero, a leading figure in the people's movement against right-wing miltiary rule. Erin Dowding x6643 Education in an Alternative Classroom. A look at alternative education and the learning process through working at Fannie Lou Hamer Freedom High School, an alternative high school in the South Bronx, accompanied by texts involving the history of education and the sociology of the classroom dynamics. Chelsea Fetzer x6930 Art Education in an Alternaitve Classroom. A look at alternative education and learning art through working at Fannie Lou Hamer Freedom High School. Robyn Fishman x6770 Love in '80's. The ideal of love, the perfect mate and how it changed from the decade before- I think. Through novels and other research. Darrell Gane-McCalla x6821 The Politics of Rap. I'm exploring the use of rap music and hip-hop culture in transmitting the ideas of social movements. I will be concentrating on Afrocentricity, black nationalism and the ideology of the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party. Amanda Hartzler x6442 The use of Space as an Educational Tool. This conference project is generated from weekly visits to the Fannie Lou Hamer Freedom High School. I'm focusing on the use of space in the classroom as it either promotes or hinders good teaching and learning. Amy Horowitz x6762 Bisexuality in the 80's: Transcending Boundaries. Studying bisexuality during the 1980's-more specifically 1984-1994- and how concepts of bisexuality and fluidity paved the way for the deconstruction of boundary. Quinn Latimer x6971 Leveled Aspirations: Heterosexual Gender Relations in a South Bronx Public High School Classroom. How leveled aspirations in the tenth grade classroom at Fannie Lou Hamer Freedom High School are gender-specifiic. Erica Ryan (201) 767-1463 Changing Views of Government in the Depression. Pulling together a range of sources on the depression, I hope to show how the economic crisis affected the way working-class Americans viewed their government. Joseph Tinkle x6452 Anarchy in the U.S. The most misunderstood of all moral codes, anarchy is probably the closest ideal encompassing everything everybody needs. Emma Goldman was one of the most successful in lecturing on its virtues, and in the latter 1800's, with others, established anarchy in the U.S.